Edmonton Social Planning Council

Category: Blog: Miscellaneous

  • Blog post: Unearthing Indigenous Knowledge in the Landscape

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    Written by Nguyen Chu, ESPC volunteer

    “Wisdom sits in places,” Apache elder Dudley Patterson once said (Basso, 1996). For Indigenous Peoples, land is not just a physical space, but a living archive of knowledge, history, and cultural memory. It is a teacher, a storykeeper, and a guide. Through place names, oral traditions, and the very contours of the earth, the landscape encodes and preserves the accumulated wisdom of countless generations.

    Geographic features serve as mnemonic devices for many Indigenous cultures, anchoring survival knowledge, lineages, and moral teachings in the land itself (Basso, 1984). The Inuit of Northwest Greenland use the landscape to recall both local histories and ancient myths (Nuttall, 2001), while the Inuinnait rely on place names to connect people to their environment, making the land a keeper of the community’s memory and values (Collignon, 2006). Anthropologist Julie Cruikshank (1990) found that for the Tlingit and Tagish peoples of the Yukon, place names serve as gateways to the past, allowing them to “use points in space to talk about time.” Oral traditions, too, are tightly braided with the land; these multi-generational stories help recount important events that happened at specific sites, carrying not just the history of a place but also the wisdom and life lessons it embodies (Eco-Hawk, 2000). These themes are shared across Indigenous cultures worldwide, from the songlines of Aboriginal Australians that hold vast geographical, ecological, and cultural knowledge, to the complex glyphs by the foothills of the Andes that anchor NASCA people’s histories and worldviews in the very earth itself (Kelly, 2016).

    Yet the arrival of European settlers disrupted intimate connections. Colonial practices like forced relocation, the creation of reserves, residential schools, and the suppression of Indigenous languages and cultural practices were made with the intention to sever the physical, cultural, and spiritual ties between Indigenous communities and the land (Stojanovik, 2021; UNESCO Canadian Commission, 2021). Moreover, colonialism has been ignoring the evidence of Indigenous oral histories, place names, and archaeological sites that attest to their long-standing presence, justifying the dispossession of Indigenous Peoples from their homelands, rather than acknowledging the complex, localized ways in which colonial encounters have played out (Cruikshank, 2005).

    This deliberate separation of Indigenous Peoples from their lands has led to the rapid and severe erosion of languages and cultures that are deeply intertwined with their specific territories (UNESCO Canadian Commission, 2021).

    Despite these persistent and systemic adversities, Indigenous Peoples have shown remarkable resilience in maintaining and revitalizing their relationships with the land. Across Canada, communities are asserting their rights to their territories and reviving cultural practices and land-based education, which is an educational approach that integrates Indigenous knowledge and practices with Western education (UNESCO Canadian Commission, 2021), creating a new generation of leaders who carry forward the languages, teachings, and responsibilities of the land.

    At the same time, the path toward reconciliation requires non-Indigenous people to have a fundamental shift in our own relationships to land and history by recognizing and respecting Indigenous Peoples’ inherent rights to their traditional territories and supporting their efforts in reclaiming and protecting these lands, honouring the treaties and the relationships of mutual respect and sharing that they represent, and learning from Indigenous knowledge systems that see land not as a resource to be exploited, but instead as a sacred relative and teacher (Cowan, n.d.). As climate change and environmental degradation are threatening the very foundations of our existence, we must learn to listen to the wisdom encoded within the landscape, realizing that our survival is braided with the health of the land and all our relations (UNESCO Canadian Commission, 2021).

    Indigenous land-based knowledge offers a path forward. As we have established, using the landscape itself as a mnemonic device not only makes learning more memorable and enjoyable but also fosters a deeper connection to places and a sense of commitment to protect them. Across Canada, a growing number of schools and communities are already centring Indigenous land-based education in their curriculums (UNESCO Canadian Commission, 2021). These programs are creating a new generation of leaders who carry forward the languages, teachings, and responsibilities of the land. As Joseph-McCullough puts it, “We are creating citizens of Canada to be like no others before them” (2021).

    The land remembers. It carries the stories, the knowledge, and the resilience of Indigenous Peoples. As we try to navigate this turbulent time, may we walk this path of reconciliation together––to honour the living archive of the land, to revive and strengthen the languages and practices that connect us to nature, and to build a future in which all peoples and all beings can thrive.

     

     References

    Basso, K. H. (1996). Wisdom sits in places: Landscape and language among the Western Apache. University of New Mexico Press.

    Canadian Commission for UNESCO. (2021). Land as teacher: Understanding Indigenous land-based education. https://en.ccunesco.ca/idealab/indigenous-land-based-education

    Collignon, B. (2006). Knowing places: The Inuinnait, landscapes, and the environment. Canadian Circumpolar Institute.

    Cowan, J. (n.d.). Indigenous tradition as philosophy [Unpublished manuscript].

    Cruikshank, J. (1990). Life lived like a story: Life stories of three Yukon Native elders. University of Nebraska Press; UBC Press.

    Cruikshank, J. (2005). Do glaciers listen? Local knowledge, colonial encounters, and social imagination. UBC Press.

    Eco-Hawk, R. (2000). The power of place: Native North Americans and Indigenous knowledge. Evergreen State College.

    Kelly, L. (2016). Memory code. Allen & Unwin.

    Nuttall, M. (2001). Locality, identity, and memory in South Greenland. Études/Inuit/Studies, 25(1-2), 53-72.

    Stojanovik, M. (2021). Aboriginal Songlines. Odyssey Traveller.
    https://www.odysseytraveller.com/articles/aboriginal-songlines/

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    1. Blog post: Small Steps Add Up: International Food Loss and Waste Awareness Day

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      Written by Jennifer Scherer, ESPC volunteer

      September 29 is International Food Loss and Waste Awareness Day, which highlights the impact of food loss and waste and raises awareness of steps everyone can take to reduce food waste. Food loss is defined as when food is discarded during production, manufacturing, or distribution process (National Zero Waste Council, 2018) and accounts for 13% of the world’s food supply (UN, n.d.) or 1.3 billion tonnes of food (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2022). Food waste is defined as when food is discarded from retail stores, restaurants, or homes (Zero Waste Canada), and accounts for 19% of the world’s food supply (UN, n.d.). Between food loss and food waste, 32% of food is discarded instead of being used. Food loss and food waste is widespread and greatly impacts us. The resources, effort, and land that was devoted to producing this food has been wasted, and the decomposition of this food emits methane. These methane emissions contribute 8-10% of total greenhouse gas emissions. Part of the reason for food cost increases is due to scarcity, and currently around 735 million people experience hunger (UN, n.d.).

      Food waste happens in many settings. In Canada, the three largest contributors to food waste are manufacturing (23%), consumer waste (21%), and processing (20%) (National Zero Waste Council, 2018). Canadian households throw away an average of 140 kilograms of food per year, with an average cost of $1300/year (Love Food Hate Waste, 2024). With consumers being a large contributor to the problem, consumers can be a significant part of the solution. Consumers waste food for many reasons which include:  Lack of meal planning and timely food storage; limited access to technology to help food last longer such as packaging and refrigeration; and people wanting to avoid getting ill from consuming food past expiration dates (National Zero Waste Council, 2018).

      National Zero Waste Council (2018) has developed a strategy for Canada with the goal of reducing food loss and waste by 50% by 2030. The three main strategies they have built their recommendations on are:

      • Prevention- Stop food loss and waste from happening. Strategies include having clear date labelling on foods, retail stores implementing good inventory management, improved packaging to help food last longer, and a culture shift to help everyone develop habits that will help prevent food waste (National Zero Waste Council, 2018).
      • Recovery- Redirect food that would otherwise be wasted to feed people or animals. Strategies include donating unused food to food banks and other non-profits who can use the food, removing obstacles that prevent people from being able to donate food, and using food that would otherwise be discarded to feed animals (National Zero Waste Council, 2018).
      • Recycle- Make use of energy or nutrients from unavoidable food loss. Strategies include investing in composting and biofuel technologies, limiting food waste that goes to landfills, and setting up homes and public spaces to make it easier to separate food waste from other waste (National Zero Waste Council, 2018).

      Since International Food Loss and Waste Day was started in 2019, the efforts made to raise awareness and promote change have made a difference. Research and policy recommendations are being developed to help support producers, companies, governments, and consumers understand how to address food loss and waste (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2022). Most major grocery chains have initiatives to improve sustainability and prevent food loss. The strategies, progress, and targets of each company are outlined on their websites. Governments and municipalities are implementing the recommended changes and policies to support reductions in food loss and waste. Public awareness campaigns have been launched, helping people understand the changes they can make in their own households to make a difference in preventing food waste.

      Edmonton has a Zero Waste Framework with the goal of reducing waste (City of Edmonton, 2024). As part of that framework, the curbside cart rollout for residential waste collection has made it easy for households to separate organic waste. This diverts it from the landfills and turns the organic waste into something useful (City of Edmonton, 2024). Keeping food waste out of landfills is an important step in reducing greenhouse gases, as landfills account for 23% of Canada’s methane emissions (Environment and Climate Change Canada, 2023). Canada has signed the Global Methane Pledge, which commits countries to reducing methane emissions caused by humans to 30% under 2020 levels by 2030 and diverting food waste from landfills is essential to meet this target (Environment and Climate Change Canada, 2023).

      A campaign to help households reduce food waste called Love Food Hate Waste Canada has been reaching out to Canadian consumers through a website and a series of publicity campaigns. They provide education on food labelling, food storage, meal planning tips, ideas to use leftovers, and other resources (Love Food Hate Waste Canada, 2024). The practical tips it provides helps consumers notice that their individual efforts and small steps toward change can add up to real change towards reducing food waste.

      One policy recommendation is to make clear and simple food dating and labeling rules (Goodwin et al, 2022) as best before dates and use by dates are often misunderstood by consumers, leading to unnecessary food waste. Another recommendation is to have food retailers and restaurants divert unsold food to food banks and other charitable organizations so that food could be redirected to people who need it (Goodwin et al., 2022).

      After becoming aware of the scope of the problem that food loss and waste causes, it can feel challenging to try to make changes. These changes can have a big impact by lowering our food costs, reducing greenhouse gases, getting food to those who need it, and producing our food without waste. When we learn more about the series of small steps that we can all take together and make those practical changes, our individual efforts can add up to substantial change.

      References

      City of Edmonton. (2024). Edmonton’s Zero Waste Framework.
       https://www.edmonton.ca/programs_services/garbage_waste/zero-waste-framework

      Environment and Climate Change Canada. (2023, September 29). The Government of Canada launches research fund to help prevent and divert food waste from Canadian landfills.
      https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/news/2023/09/the-government-of-canada-launches-research-fund-to-help-prevent-and-divert-food-waste-from-canadian-landfills.html

      Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2022). Voluntary Code of Conduct for Food Loss and Waste Reduction. Food and Argriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://www.fao.org/policy-support/tools-and-publications/resources-details/en/c/1635033/

      Goodwin, L., Blondin, S., Bassett, G., Roberts, M., Wistrand, L., White, H., Swannell, R., Leib, E.B., Plekenpol, R., & Rouse, H. (2022). Changing Behavior to Help More People Waste Less Food. Champions 12.3. https://champions123.org/sites/default/files/2022-09/Champions_12.3_Playbook_HIGH-RESOLUTION.pdf

      Love Food Hate Waste Canada. (2024). Love Food Hate Waste Canada. https://lovefoodhatewaste.ca/

      Love Food Hate Waste Canada. (2021). Love Food Hate Waste Canada: Making Every Bite Count: Our First Three Years- 2018 to 2021. https://nzwc.ca/Documents/lfhw-canada-three-year-report-2018-2021.pdf

      National Zero Waste Council. (2018). A Food Loss and Waste Strategy for Canada.
      https://nzwc.ca/Documents/NZWC-FoodLossWasteStrategy-EN.pdf

      United Nations. (n.d.). International Day of Awareness of Food Loss and Waste Reduction. https://www.un.org/en/observances/end-food-waste-day

       

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      1. Blog post: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD): The Need to Build More Awareness and Support

        [et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_margin=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_row column_structure=”3_4,1_4″ use_custom_gutter=”on” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” width=”100%” custom_margin=”0px||||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” border_width_bottom=”1px” border_color_bottom=”#a6c942″ global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”3_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_post_title meta=”off” featured_image=”off” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”||||||||” custom_margin=”||3px|||” border_color_bottom=”#a6c942″ global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][/et_pb_post_title][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_image src=”https://edmontonsocialplanning.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/COLOUR-BLOCKS_spaced-300×51.png” title_text=”COLOUR BLOCKS_spaced” align=”center” _builder_version=”4.7.7″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”100%” max_height=”75px” custom_margin=”0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false” custom_padding=”10px|0px|20px|0px|false|false” global_module=”96648″ global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][/et_pb_image][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”3_4,1_4″ use_custom_gutter=”on” make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.16″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” width=”100%” custom_margin=”0px|auto|0px|auto|false|false” custom_padding=”30px|0px|0px|0px|false|false” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”3_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.16″ _dynamic_attributes=”content” _module_preset=”default” text_font=”|600|||||||” text_text_color=”#2b303a” custom_padding=”||32px|||” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”]@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9kYXRlIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsiYmVmb3JlIjoiIiwiYWZ0ZXIiOiIiLCJkYXRlX2Zvcm1hdCI6ImRlZmF1bHQiLCJjdXN0b21fZGF0ZV9mb3JtYXQiOiIifX0=@[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ text_text_color=”#2b303a” text_line_height=”1.6em” header_2_font=”||||||||” header_2_text_color=”#008ac1″ header_2_font_size=”24px” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” text_orientation=”justified” width=”100%” module_alignment=”left” custom_margin=”0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false” custom_padding=”25px||||false|false” hover_enabled=”0″ locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” sticky_enabled=”0″]

        Written by Brett Lambert, ESPC Research Officer

         

        Did you know that 1 in 25 people (4%) in Canada live with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)? This translates to 1.5 million people (Flannigan, Unsworth, and Harding, 2018). That means it is possible to have one student in every classroom who lives with FASD. FASD is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disabilities in North America. It impacts more people in Canada than autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, and Down syndrome combined. These numbers are considered a conservative estimate, and it is possible the rate of prevalence could be even higher because diagnosis can be challenging.

        The month of September is Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Awareness Month, which aims to bring about more understanding of a commonly known but not very well understood disorder that affects more people than the general public might think.

        In an effort to help further this awareness and bring about more understanding, the Edmonton Social Planning Council recently hosted a Lunch & Learn event on September 17 on this very topic where Brittany Durant, Program Manager for FASD Programs from Catholic Social Services spoke at length about FASD and how to better support individuals who live with the disorder.

        FASD is defined as the impact on the brain and body of individuals who were prenatally exposed to alcohol as a fetus while in the womb of a pregnant person. It is a lifelong disability and persons who have the disorder experience some degree of challenges in their daily living and need support with motor skills, physical health, learning, memory, attention, emotional regulation, and social skills to reach their full potential. Since the disorder exists on a spectrum, the manifestations of FASD can be unique to each individual and can present differently for each person (CanFASD, n.d.-a).

        The impact of prenatal alcohol exposure can also influenced by a number of factors, which includes the age of the pregnant person, the amount of alcohol consumed, pattern and timing of alcohol exposure, general health and nutrition of the pregnant person, the level of stress or trauma of the pregnant person, whether the pregnant person also smoked or used other drugs, and the genetics of the parents’ and epigenetic changes (Guerri et al., 2009).

        Although the disorder is considered a life-long disability and there is no “cure,” individuals with FASD can still live successful lives with access to the appropriate level of support and services.

        Barriers to Supports for Persons with FASD

        Although the potential to lead a thriving and successful life is possible for individuals with FASD, the sad reality is that too many lack access to consistent systematic supports. As a result, this means that 90% of individuals with FASD will experience mental health issues and they are 20 times more likely to struggle with substance use than the general population (CanFASD, n.d.-b).

        They are also at risk of experiencing homelessness, which could range from hidden homelessness like couch surfing or more visible homelessness like sleeping rough on the streets (Poth et al., 2018).

        Persons with FASD can experience memory and cognitive challenges that can make tasks like paying rent on time difficult or can impact their ability to properly perform tasks at a job. This can make finding a place to stay a challenge too.

        Landlords who do not understand the disorder may hold negative stereotypes and not want to rent to people with FASD. These issues are compounded for individuals who receive disability payment as their primary source of income as they have systemically been denied housing. (Bibr et al., 2024).

        According to the Canada FASD Research Network, 80% of youth and young adults with FASD have had difficulty with sustaining independent housing. In addition, many housing models do not take into account the experiences of those with FASD and have limited capacity through staff training and resources to address FASD support and needs (Bibr et al, 2024).

        More Government Action is Needed

        Governments need to take more action to give FASD the recognition it deserves so that more robust support is in place.

        In the Canadian Senate, Bill S-253 would put forward a National FASD Framework that seeks to establish a systemic and coordinated effort to address proper support for FASD. Current supports are scattered and inconsistent across Canada and the bill would establish a development plan for a framework that would address that. In addition to consulting caregivers, self-advocates, and representatives of provincial and territorial governments, the bill also seeks to address the training needs of professionals working with people with FASD, which would be an important step forward for improving the lives of individuals with FASD (CanFASD, n.d.-c).

        Change Also Begins at the Individual Level

        Just as governments need to lay the foundation for better support of persons with FASD, change also needs to happen at the individual level. Promoting a better understanding, awareness, and acceptance will help build a society where more people get diagnosed and receive the supports necessary to thrive.

        While supports for individuals currently living with FASD is important, education on prevention is also important. Making sure expectant parents know that there is no safe level of alcohol consumption during pregnancy is necessary. In addition, people also need to be mindful about alcohol consumption in the period leading up to pregnancy. Since 61% of all pregnancies are unplanned, responsible alcohol use in the lead-up to pregnancy also needs to be considered.

         

        References

        Bibr, C.O., J. Pei, K.D. Harding (2024). People with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder face a heightened risk of homelessness. https://theconversation.com/people-with-fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorder-face-a-heightened-risk-of-homelessness-237846

        CanFASD [n.d.-a]. Basic Information. https://canfasd.ca/topics/basic-information/

        CanFASD [n.a.-b]. What is FASD? https://canfasd.ca/what-is-fasd/

        CanFASD [n.d.-c]. National FASD Framework. https://canfasd.ca/national-fasd-framework/

        Flannigan, K., K. Unsworth, and K. Harding (2018). The Prevalence of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. https://canfasd.ca/wp-content/uploads/publications/Prevalence-1-Issue-Paper-FINAL.pdf

        Guerri, C., A. Bazinet, and E.P. Riley (2009). Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders and alterations in brain and behaviour. Alcohol Alcohol, 2009. 44(2): p. 108 – 114.

        Poth, C-A, E. Carlson, J. Pei, V. Joly (2018). Creating Intersections: A Systematic and Person-Centered Harmonizing Framework for Housing Individuals with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. https://homelesshub.ca/resource/creating-intersections-systematic-and-person-centered-harmonizing-framework-housing-individuals-fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorder/

         

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        1. Blog post: International Literacy Day (ILD) 2024

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          Written by Abhinav Sharma, ESPC Volunteer

          On September 8th we celebrate International Literacy Day. Literacy is a vital tool for personal and societal empowerment, so on this day, it is important that we reflect on the evolving nature of literacy in today’s rapidly changing world. The practical uses of literacy in an increasingly digitized and networked society, as well as the crucial role that research has played in forming our knowledge of literacy is notable. This year’s ILD theme -“Promoting multilingual education: Literacy for mutual understanding and peace,” is highlighted as it emphasizes the ways in which multilingual education may help to create more inclusive and thriving communities around the world by fostering respect for one another and bridging cultural gaps (UNESCO,2024).

          The role of research in shaping our understanding of literacy

          Research significantly influences our practical understanding of literacy by providing evidence-based insights that help assess effectiveness of literacy skills in real-world contexts. A simplistic definition would state to be literate as ‘the ability to read and write’ (Merriam-Webster, n.d.). However, this definition seems very shallow as contemporary research has broadened this understanding. It now includes a variety of competencies essential for functioning effectively in today’s society, such as digital literacy, financial literacy, health literacy and cultural literacy (Beecher, 2023).

           Real-world applications of expanded literacy definitions

          In today’s society it is also important to look at expanded literary definitions that apply to a range of scenarios. Research has shown that literacy involves more than finding meaning to text. Modern challenges expect a literate person to possess and intentionally apply a wide range of skills and competencies (Beecher, 2023). This includes but is not limited to, comprehension, critical thinking, and the ability to communicate across various platforms. For instance, studies on digital literacy have demonstrated that students must be proficient in navigating online information, evaluating sources, and creating digital content (Beecher, 2023). Similarly, health literacy can help us prevent health problems, and managing health problems when they arise (C.D.C., 2023)

          Research also demonstrates how literacy is understood in the workplace environment. Employers seek employees who can understand technical documents, communicate effectively in professional settings, and build collaborative relationships. Research has also highlighted the role of cultural and contextual factors in literacy practices. Community literacy programs often incorporate local languages, oral traditions and have been successful in improving literacy rates among Indigenous and minority populations, as a noteworthy example (Beecher, 2023).

          Lastly, research also points to the importance of literacy in understanding financial matters. Lacking financial literacy can lead to difficulty in accessing the financial resources needed to meet one’s basic life needs (Government of Canada, 2023).

          Currently, about one in three Edmontonians struggle with reading and writing and report challenges in filling out application forms or using math (Edmonton Journal, n.d.). This is a concerning figure as the role of literacy as a medium to access social services or to give back to society cannot be overemphasized. Vulnerable individuals and community members may continue to fall through the cracks if they do not know how to read a prescription, how to take the transit system, how to be more financially aware or how to develop skills to adapt to workplace requirements (Edmonton Journal, n.d.). It is imperative that research continues to assess the evolving meaning of literacy in our dynamic societies.

           Promoting multilingual education: literacy for mutual understanding and peace

          “Promoting multilingual education: Literacy for mutual understanding and peace,” the subject of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO’s) International Literacy Day 2024, offers a pertinent and contemporary focus, especially in a world where linguistic diversity is both a resource and a challenge (UNESCO,2024). Being multilingual gives you access to a wider range of cultures, viewpoints, and ways of thinking. Multilingualism plays a pivotal role in easing global mobility, particularly for individuals seeking opportunities beyond their birth countries. As economic disparities and limited career prospects push people to migrate for better lives, proficiency in multiple languages becomes a key asset. It allows individuals to navigate new cultural landscapes, access job markets, and integrate more seamlessly into foreign societies. By empowering individuals to engage with diverse communities, multilingualism contributes to building a world where people can thrive together, irrespective of their origins, bringing us closer to the vision of a truly inclusive global society.

          As we celebrate International Literacy Day this year it is the hope that this post will stimulate greater thinking and address some of the challenges that lie in the path of multilingualism (Smith, 2024). These include overcoming cultural biases, rehauling education curriculums and investing in staff training to manage wide-ranging literacy needs. Additionally, we must give thought to millions of people living in vulnerable communities across the world who face various challenges and may also struggle reaching basic literacy proficiency (UNESCO,2024).

           

           References

          1. UNESCO. (n.d.). International Literacy Day. UNESCO.org. https://www.unesco.org/en/days/literacy

          2. Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Literate definition & meaning. Merriam-Webster. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/literate#h1

          3. Beecher, C. (2023, July 19). Chapter 1. what is literacy? Multiple Perspectives on Literacy. Methods of Teaching Early Literacy. https://iastate.pressbooks.pub/teachingearlyliteracy/chapter/what-is-literacy-multiple-perspectives-on-literacy/

          4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023, May 19). Understanding health literacy. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/healthliteracy/learn/understanding.html

          5. Canada, F. C. A. of. (2023, November 22). Government of Canada. Canada.ca. https://www.canada.ca/en/financial-consumer-agency/programs/research/review-financial-literacy-research.html

          6. Edmonton Journal. (n.d.). Pals has been changing lives through literacy since 1979 | Edmonton Journal. Edmonton Journal. https://edmontonjournal.com/health/pals-has-been-changing-lives-through-literacy-since-1979

          7. Smith, K. (2024, September 3). International Literacy Day 2024: Why Multilingual Education Matters. YWCA Northwestern Illinois. https://www.ywcanwil.org/international-literacy-day-2024-why-multilingual-education-matters/

           

           

           

           

           

           

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          1. Blog post: International Overdose Awareness Day – No one left behind

            [et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_margin=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”3_4,1_4″ use_custom_gutter=”on” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” width=”100%” custom_margin=”0px||||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” border_width_bottom=”1px” border_color_bottom=”#a6c942″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”3_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_post_title meta=”off” featured_image=”off” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”||||||||” custom_margin=”||3px|||” border_color_bottom=”#a6c942″ global_colors_info=”{}”][/et_pb_post_title][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https://edmontonsocialplanning.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/COLOUR-BLOCKS_spaced-300×51.png” title_text=”COLOUR BLOCKS_spaced” align=”center” _builder_version=”4.7.7″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”100%” max_height=”75px” custom_margin=”0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false” custom_padding=”10px|0px|20px|0px|false|false” global_module=”96648″ global_colors_info=”{}”][/et_pb_image][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”3_4,1_4″ use_custom_gutter=”on” make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.16″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” width=”100%” custom_margin=”0px|auto|0px|auto|false|false” custom_padding=”30px|0px|0px|0px|false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”3_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.16″ _dynamic_attributes=”content” _module_preset=”default” text_font=”|600|||||||” text_text_color=”#2b303a” custom_padding=”||32px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”]@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9kYXRlIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsiYmVmb3JlIjoiIiwiYWZ0ZXIiOiIiLCJkYXRlX2Zvcm1hdCI6ImRlZmF1bHQiLCJjdXN0b21fZGF0ZV9mb3JtYXQiOiIifX0=@[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ text_text_color=”#2b303a” text_line_height=”1.6em” header_2_font=”||||||||” header_2_text_color=”#008ac1″ header_2_font_size=”24px” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” text_orientation=”justified” width=”100%” module_alignment=”left” custom_margin=”0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false” custom_padding=”25px||||false|false” hover_enabled=”0″ locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]

            Written by Ugoeze Uchegbu-Okoroh, ESPC Volunteer

            Often, there is a disconnect in how we perceive cases of overdose making it seem like a “them” problem and never a “me” problem. What we fail to realize is that we should approach this subject with humility because it indeed concerns us either as affected individuals, close allies, or as members of the society. Consider this hypothetical situation: X, a loving father suffers a workplace injury. The pain is so agonizing that it requires treatment with opioids. X finds himself taking more than he expected to manage the pain. The rest of the story is unfortunately a common reality for so many people. X becomes reliant on opioids to manage the pain, and once he is recovered, he struggles to stop taking them as now his body has become addicted. The psychological impact on a friend or family member whose loved one is struggling with addiction is devastating. Such situations are not occasions to cast blame, guilt, or even wallow in shame, but acknowledging that we cannot always anticipate all the possible ways an addiction can form is the first step. Once someone develops an addiction to opioids, their risk of overdose increases. Overdoses are not only limited to those with addictions, sometimes they happen in regular procedures.

            On May 10, 2022, Maria Querales underwent a dental procedure in Texas. She was left with severe brain damage after the anesthesiologist administered too much Fentanyl (Farberov, S. 2021). No one is immune to the risk of overdose. It is not an accurate judge of morality or character; there is a story behind every case. Even the best of us can be affected by an intended or unforeseen overdose. At this point, how a person got there is inconsequential, but rather, recognizing the need for an intervention is what is required to save a life. Importantly, shifting from a mindset of reactiveness to proactiveness could help in curbing overdose incidents.

            International Overdose Awareness Day is commemorated yearly on August 31st. It is the largest campaign to end overdose, raise awareness, and acknowledge the grief of families of people who have died or suffered permanent injury as a result. In reality, this is a daily struggle. In 2023, there was an average of 22 deaths per day in Canada, with the majority of opioid-related deaths occurring in British Columbia, Alberta, and Ontario (Government of Canada, 2023). During this same year, the rate of overdose deaths per 100,000 persons in Alberta reached the highest number since 2016 at 44.1%. This does not include unknown deaths or causes of deaths still being determined (Alberta Substance Use Surveillance System, 2024). Overdose could occur from non-pharmaceutical opioids such as heroin. Other causes include alcohol, sedatives, or even a combination of both. While overdose can be fatal or non-fatal, one thing is sure – it destroys lives.

            The Ministry of Mental Health and Addiction has direct supervision over the overdose crisis in Alberta. To support its Alberta Recovery Model, they recently built a world class recovery centre and opened its doors to persons seeking recovery. This is in addition to providing narcotic transition services, and maintaining a 24-hr addiction helpline, amongst others. One cannot underestimate the role of laws and government policies in the prevention and management of the overdose crisis. In Canada, the Good Samaritan Drug Overdose Act provides legal protection in the following instances for people who experience or witness overdose and call for help:

            •  where there are charges for possession of a controlled substance (i.e. drugs)
            • breaches of conditions regarding simple possession of controlled substances (i.e. drugs)

            In most cases, this Act applies to anyone that has to seek emergency support during an overdose crisis including the person experiencing the overdose, with the rationale behind it to always prioritize saving lives. In Alberta, while the Alberta Recovery Model which provides long-term treatment to Albertans struggling with addiction, focuses on holistic recovery ensuring smooth reintegration into the society is laudable, there is still need for policy revision. Formerly, effective in controlling overdose was the use of supervised consumption sites which are controlled sites approved by federal and provincial governments, where individuals can practice safe drug use, access clean supplies to limit the spread of infectious diseases, get in touch with addiction and recovery services, and engage with trained staff.  This policy albeit successful, was limited by the Alberta-led UCP Government, thus, reducing the capacity, locations and services of the supervised consumption site. Following the freeze on funding of supervised consumption sites in 2019, the government released a report on the socio-economic impacts of these sites on communities in Alberta citing public safety issues, social disorder, increased crime rate amongst others. Interestingly, this report also stated that no deaths were recorded among people who used drugs at the supervised consumption sites (Government of Alberta, 2020). Dr James D. Livingston criticized this report, noting the reliance on inadequate assessment of public perception of crime, lack of peer review research evidence linking supervised consumption sites to the increased rate of crime, as well as the reliance on police service call data which was misrepresented as crime data and did not take into consideration that service calls included unfounded allegations, uninvestigated incidents, and non-criminal matters (Livingston, 2021). Apart from these, the existing safe consumption sites only include safe spaces for those who inject, and not for those who inhale. It has been suggested that the addition of inhalation sites will drastically reduce the cases of overdose, especially in those that have the fear of needles (Bellefontaine, M. 2024).

            The grief, struggles, and pains of family members, friends and allies is a core component of this discussion. While a solid support system is vital in combatting overdose crisis, caregivers are encouraged to lean to support groups and therapy to give them the strength they need to be there for their loved ones. The stigma and shame surrounding drug and substance abuse makes it difficult for individuals to acknowledge their challenges and seek help. Family members and loved ones of people who have died are affected too, as they are indirectly shamed into mourning in silence for fear of being judged. Another major factor to consider is the role of the media. Where news about abuse, overdose or addiction is reported to perpetuate stereotypes, uphold a culture of shame, or apportion guilt, this could deter people from seeking help. Additionally, we must exercise caution to keep issues of overdose and crime distinct. While both may occasionally intersect, it is important to maintain that overdose is a public health crisis and not a crime.

            The need to create and sustain awareness is an ongoing duty. The goal is to prevent it from happening to the next person. It is important to continue to reiterate that the problem is the addiction and not the individual. Remember that it is almost impossible for a person to overcome addiction on their own or prevent overdosing, but we can all help. This is a collective call for “no one to be left behind” because every life matters and every moment counts. If you or anyone is seeking help, you can call the addiction helpline at 1-866-332-2322. In addition, here are two helpful resources for you:

            How to reduce risk and prevent opioid overdose:

            https://www.albertahealthservices.ca/dsa/Page12491.aspx

            Get Naloxone:

            https://www.albertahealthservices.ca/dsa/Page15586.aspx

             

            References 

            1. Farberov, S. (2021, January). Dental patient left brain-damaged after anesthesiologist allegedly suffering ‘cognitive issues’ overdosed her on fentanyl: lawsuit

            https://nypost.com/2024/01/16/news/dental-patient-left-brain-damaged-after-fentanyl-overdose/

            2. Opioid- and Stimulant-related Harms in Canada.

            https://health-infobase.canada.ca/substance-related-harms/opioids-stimulants/

            3. Alberta Substance Use Surveillance System (Updated August 2024).

            https://healthanalytics.alberta.ca/SASVisualAnalytics/?reportUri=%2Freports%2Freports%2F1bbb695d-14b1-4346-b66e-d401a40f53e6&sectionIndex=0&sso_guest=true&reportViewOnly=true&reportContextBar=false&sas-welcome=false

            4. Impacts: A socio-economic review of supervised consumption sites in Alberta.

            https://open.alberta.ca/dataset/dfd35cf7-9955-4d6b-a9c6-60d353ea87c3/resource/11815009-5243-4fe4-8884-11ffa1123631/download/health-socio-economic-review-supervised-consumption-sites.pdf

            5. Livingston, J. D. (2021). Supervised consumption sites and crime: Scrutinizing the methodological weaknesses and aberrant results of a government report in Alberta, Canada.Harm Reduction Journal, 18(1)

            https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-020-00456-2

            6. Bellefontaine, M. (2024, June). Inhalation rooms in safe consumption sites could save lives, Alberta advocates say. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/inhalation-rooms-in-alberta-supervised-consumption-sites-could-save-lives-advocates-say-1.7231769

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            1. Blog post: World Seniors Citizens Day

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              Written by Susanne Urbina, ESPC Capacity Support Assistant

              A village without the elderly is like a well without water. — African proverb (Moorhouse, 2020)

              Our societies have been enriched by a group of people who, since 1991, have been recognized every August 21st on World Seniors Citizens Day. This day was originally founded in 1988 by then U.S. President Ronald Reagan, who proclaimed “senior citizens’ have achieved a lot throughout their lives, and we owe our gratitude” (International Days, 2023, para. 1, 2).

              While in most societies, our seniors are appreciated for their achievements and contributions, there are some cultures where elders are most revered. In Japan, China, Korea and Vietnam, wisdom and experience are highly valued. Asian countries believe that the aging population have a great deal to offer and deserve respect (Moorhouse, 2020). An elderly rights law in China, mandates that they visit their aging parents often, otherwise they face potential punishment that ranges from fines to jail time (Martinez-Carter, 2015). Values influenced by Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism, puts a principle upon the eldest son to be the caretaker for his aging parents, often by living with them. “Research conducted in 2001 across mainland Japan shows that more than half the population of Japanese people over the age of 60 lived with their children — a figure three to 10 times greater than what was found in Western countries” (Moorhouse, 2020).

              France adopted an order in 2004, like the Elderly Rights Law, that young people need to visit their aging parents (Martinez-Carter, 2015).

              Dan Buettner is the author of the Blue Zones Solution which explores the lifestyles of the world’s longest-living populations, and in a 2009 TED Talk called “How to Live to 100+”, he said “…the older you get, the more [social] equity you have. The more wisdom you’re celebrated for,”. He also shares “The Grandmother Effect” which promotes ageing parents, children and grandchildren to live under one roof, maintaining that they have lower rates of mortality and rates of disease. This model is seen across many Mediterranean and Latin countries and is mutually beneficial for these multiple generations living together. This is because in this scenario, adult children can go to work knowing that the care of their children is provided by the grandparents. There is so much value in the continued sense of connection and purposefulness a senior citizen would feel with this responsibility (Moorhouse, 2020).

              In African countries, Australia and other Indigenous cultures around the world, Elders hold a great deal of power. They may be served first at mealtimes, or act as judges in the community, but are always considered the knowledge-keepers, who have the distinction to pass culture down to the younger generations (Moorhouse, 2020).

              “Elders are a very special group in society,” says the scientist, David Suzuki. “We’ve got something no other group in society has. We have lived an entire life. We have made mistakes. We have celebrated successes. Suffered under failures. We’ve learned a hell of a lot in a lifetime. Now we’ve got something to troll through and look for those nuggets of information to pass on to the coming generation” (Moorhouse, 2020).

              In the non-traditional cultures of the West, young adults are more valued than older adults. The long-established Protestant work ethic compares youth with their ability to work to the elderly’s ability which diminishes in old age (Weintrob 2022). Our geriatric population is therefore separated from the acquaintances cultivated through their work-life creating a void for connection. As one’s health deteriorates, they are often placed into retirement communities, assisted living facilities, and nursing homes, to be cared for by strangers. This situation further separates them from family and lifelong friends, severing even more integral relationships (Martinez-Carter, 2015).

              The global trend in our aging population predicts a huge increase in the older adult population with a projection of people aged 65 years or older worldwide to be 1.6 billion in 2050, up from the 761 million in 2021, driven mainly by people taking better care of their health and living longer (United Nations, n.d., para. 1, 3).

              When an aging society is judged by its abilities instead of the contributions they’ve made and their vast knowledge, we risk isolating them, robbing them of the respect they deserve. “We should embrace an older generation, build on their strengths, and continue to develop our world to be more understanding and inclusive” (Weintrob, 2022).

               

              References

              International Days. (2023). World Senior Citizens Day. https://www.internationaldays.co/event?recordId=rec7sSffl92o3b7Hw

              Pam Moorhouse. (February 23, 2020). “The Cultures where Elders are Revered”. Linkedin https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/cultures-where-elders-revered-pam-moorhouse/

              Karina Martinez-Carter. (2015). “How the elderly are treated around the world”. The Week.   https://theweek.com/articles/462230/how-elderly-are-treated-around-world

              United Nations. (n.d.). “World Social Report 2023: Leaving No One Behind in an Ageing World”. https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2023/01/WSR_2023_Chapter_Key_Messages.pdf

              Grace Weintrob. (January 28, 2022). “Aging around the world”. Colorado State University. https://www.research.colostate.edu/healthyagingcenter/2022/01/28/aging-around-the-world/#:~:text=Western%20cultures%20have%20traditionally%20been,pedestal%20of%20wisdom%20and%20respect

               

               

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