Category: Law and Crime: Women

G. LAW-CRIME/G.06 WOMEN/1993 March Alberta Facts – In Justice to Women.pdf

Title:Community corrections for women
Corporate Author: Edmonton Social Planning Council
Subject:Crime – corrections|split|Women – general
Publisher:Edmonton Social Planning Council
Place of Publication:Edmonton
Date of Publication:1972
Abstract:

It is the purpose of this report to outline the findings of an actual working alternative to the imprisonment of women. This alternative is outlined in a proposal drawn up by Community Corrections For Women. Briefly stated, it contends that the present system of imprisonment is not defensible and that the community at large must share the responsibility of those who do not conform to our twentieth century, urban society.

Language:English
Material Type:Report

G. LAW-CRIME/G.06 WOMEN/1972 September Community Corrections for Women.pdf

Title:Trafficking in human beings: human rights and trans-national criminal law, developments in law and practices.
Author(s):Touzenis, Kristina
Subject:Immigration – general|split|Exploitation – sex trade
Publisher:United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
Place of Publication:Paris
Date of Publication:2010
Abstract:

Trafficking and smuggling are widely regarded as a criminal justice issue. They affect territorial integrity because they involve the facilitation of crossing of borders and remaining in a state in violation of national criminal and immigration laws. Trafficking and smuggling also undermine the rule of law and political foundation of states because traffickers and smugglers often resort to violence and corruption as a means to advance their business. The usual response at the national level has been crime control and immigration control in order to prosecute and punish traffickers/smugglers and reduce the flow of trafficked/smuggled people. But trafficking in human beings poses problems outside the scope of criminal law, including the issues of protection of victims and prevention of trafficking, which overlap with many human rights concerns.

Language:English
Series:UNESCO Migration Studies
 
Material Type:Report

G. LAW-CRIME/G.06 WOMEN/2010 trafficking_in_human_beings.pdf

Title:Evaluation of the ban on purchase of sexual services: English summary.
Corporate Author: Swedish Government Offices, Ministry of Justice
Subject:Crime – general|split|Exploitation – sex trade
Publisher:Swedish Government Offices, Ministry of Justice
Place of Publication:Stockholm
Date of Publication:2010
Abstract:

Evaluation of the ban on purchase of sexual services The Inquiry on evaluation of the ban on purchase of sexual services today submitted its report Förbud mot köp av sexuell tjänst (Prohibition of the purchase of sexual services). En utvärdering 1999-2008 (An evaluation 1999-2008) (SOU 2010:49) to Minister for Justice Beatrice Ask. The purpose of the evaluation was to investigate how the prohibition, which has been in force for over ten years, works in practice and what effects it has had on the incidence of prostitution and human trafficking for sexual purposes in Sweden. The evaluation shows that the ban on the purchase of sexual services has had the intended effect and is an important instrument in preventing and combating prostitution and human trafficking for sexual purposes. Effects of the ban The Inquiry concluded that prostitution in Sweden, unlike in comparable countries, has not in any case increased since the introduction of the ban. The ban on the purchase of sexual services has also counteracted the establishment of organised crime in Sweden. Hence criminalisation has contributed to combating prostitution and human trafficking for sexual purposes. Prohibiting purchases of sexual services also has a normative effect. There has been a marked change in attitude to the purchase of sexual services that coincides with making it a criminal offence to buy sex. There is now strong support for the ban on purchasing sexual services in Sweden. The ban has proved to act as a deterrent to sex purchasers. The Inquiry could find no indication that criminalisation has had a negative effect on people exploited through prostitution. Application of the ban The investigation of the application of the ban shows that, following an initial period of some uncertainty, police officers and prosecutors now consider that, in general, the application works well. However, it is clear that the effectiveness of application depends on the resources deployed and the priorities made within the judicial system. Proposed measures The Inquiry stresses the value and necessity of continued and sustained social work to prevent and combat prostitution and human trafficking for sexual purposes. Efforts must be coordinated if this work is to succeed. Consequently the Inquiry proposes the establishment of a national centre tasked with coordinating efforts against prostitution and human trafficking for sexual purposes. The Inquiry also proposes that the maximum penalty for the purchase of sexual services be raised from imprisonment for six months to imprisonment for one year. The examination of case law made by the Inquiry shows that there is a need to be able to make a more nuanced assessment in more serious cases of the purchase of sexual services than is possible within the current penalty scale for the offence. According to the Inquiry, the current level of penalties for certain sexual purchase offences is not proportionate to the seriousness of the crime. In the opinion of the Inquiry, a person exploited through prostitution may be regarded as the injured party in purchases of sexual services. The issue of whether the person exploited is to be regarded as the injured party must be determined in each individual case.

Language:English
Material Type:Article

G. LAW-CRIME/G.06 WOMEN/2010 sweden_summary.pdf